Chap 1. Empty Cup Mind
1.2 Distilling a More Precise Definition
1.2.3 Single-Stage Versus Multistage Droppers
Single-Stage Dropper
- 安裝rootkit方式很多,有時透過漏洞利用,由Exploit傳遞的Payload,而這個Payload有個特殊的program叫做Dropper,就是在執行安裝rookit。
- Dropper作用很多,例如幫助rootkit通過網路安全掃描、對rootkit進行壓縮、編碼或加密,然後把rootkit封裝成internal data structure。當執行完dropper後,它會釋放(解壓縮、解碼、解密和安裝)rootkit。最後,正常運作的dropper會將自身刪除。

Multistage Droppers
- Multistage dropper不會將rootkit包含在它的byte stream裡,而是藉由像custom FTP client、browser add-on、或
stub program
來遠端下載rootkit。或者stub program再下載另個stub program來下載rootkit。
- Multistage dropper的主要理念是最小化dropper所留下的證據,例如有人發現未將自身刪除的dropper,在沙箱測試時,因為stub program無法下載rootkit,因此什麼也不做。這完全符合The Grugq的data contraception策略。

1.2.5 確切的學術性定義
- Software that hides itself or other objects, such as files, processes, and Registry keys, from view of standard diagnostic, administrative, and security software.
- A rootkit is a tool that is designed to hide itself and other processes, data, and/or activity on a system.
- A rootkit establishes a remote interface on a machine that allows the system to be manipulated (e.g., C2) and data to be collected (e.g., surveillance) in a manner that is difficult to observe (e.g., concealment).
- rootkit提供以下三種服務:
- Concealment (隱藏)
- Command and control (指揮與控制)
- Surveillance (偵察)
1.2.9 為何使用隱身技術? rootkit不能被發現嗎?